Did you know that the rivers of Kazakhstan create a vital lifeline for this vast and diverse country? With over 85,000 rivers crisscrossing its landscape, Kazakhstan boasts a fascinating network of waterways that shape the nation’s geography, ecology, and culture.
Dive into this article to explore the mysterious rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean, the endorheic basins, and the captivating stories behind them. You’ll discover how these rivers sustain life and uncover some hidden gems along the way.
Kazakhstan is a vast country located in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. It is the world’s largest landlocked country and stretches from the Caspian Sea to the Altai Mountains.
The country is characterized by a diverse landscape, including vast steppes, deserts, mountains, and lakes, such as the famous Lake Balkhash. Kazakhstan also has several important rivers, including the Irtysh and Syr Darya.
Top Facts About Kazakhstan
General Facts
- Kazakhstan is the world’s ninth-largest country in terms of land area, covering over 2.7 million square kilometers.
- It is home to the Baikonur Cosmodrome, the world’s first and largest operational space launch facility.
- The country is rich in natural resources, including oil, gas, and minerals such as uranium, copper, and gold.
- Kazakhstan is known for its diverse and unique cuisine, influenced by both Eastern and Western cultures.
- The Kazakh language uses a modified version of the Cyrillic alphabet, with additional letters to represent unique sounds in the language.
5 Top Interesting Facts about the Rivers of Kazakhstan
- The Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers, which both flow through Kazakhstan, are crucial sources of water for the arid regions of Central Asia and support the livelihoods of millions of people.
- The Ili River, which flows through Kazakhstan and China, is known for its stunning natural beauty and is a popular destination for fishing and recreational activities.
- The Ural River, which forms a natural border between Kazakhstan and Russia, has played an important role in the cultural and economic ties between the two countries for centuries.
- The Irtysh River, which flows through Kazakhstan, China, and Russia, is one of the longest rivers in Asia and is a major source of water for the region’s agriculture and industry.
- The rivers of Kazakhstan have also been the site of significant historical events, such as the Battle of Irtysh in 1668 between the Russian and Dzungar armies, which marked the beginning of Russian expansion into Central Asia.
Kazakhstan has a continental climate, with hot summers and very cold winters. The temperature ranges from an average of -19°C (-2°F) in January to 26°C (79°F) in July. The country is also prone to extreme weather conditions such as droughts, floods, and strong winds.
The lowest recorded temperature in Kazakhstan was -58.1 °C (-72.6 °F) in the village of Kuray in 1969. The highest recorded temperature in Kazakhstan was 49.1 °C (120.4 °F) in the city of Taldykorgan in 2010.
Top 10 longest rivers in Kazakhstan, with columns for the river name, length in kilometers (km), and length in miles (mi):
| Rank | Name of the River | Length (km) | Length (mi) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Irtysh River | 4,248 | 2,640 |
| 2 | Ural River | 2,428 | 1,509 |
| 3 | Syr Darya | 2,212 | 1,374 |
| 4 | Chu (Shu) | 1,067 | 663 |
| 5 | Ili River | 1,000 | 621 |
| 6 | Ishim River | 690 | 429 |
| 7 | Talas River | 661 | 411 |
| 8 | Nura River | 600 | 373 |
| 9 | Ilek River | 623 | 387 |
| 10 | Sarysu River | 497 | 309 |
Kazakhstan Rivers Flowing into the Arctic Ocean
Ob
- Source/Origin: Altai Mountains, Russia
- Mouth: Kara Sea
- Length: 3,650 km (2,268 mi)
- Countries: Russia, Kazakhstan
The Ob River, one of the world’s longest rivers, has its source in the Altai Mountains in Russia and flows into the Kara Sea. It serves as an important waterway for transportation and irrigation and is home to various fish species, including sturgeon and salmon.
Flowing into endorheic basins
Caspian Depression
Volga River
- Source/Origin: Valdai Hills, Russia
- Mouth: Caspian Sea
- Length: 3,531 km (2,194 mi)
- Countries: Russia, Kazakhstan
The Volga River, the longest river in Europe, originates from the Valdai Hills in Russia and flows into the Caspian Sea. It plays a crucial role in Russia’s economy and transportation system and is a source of hydroelectric power and a habitat for diverse fish species.
Akhtuba (distributary)
- Source/Origin: Volga River, Russia
- Mouth: Caspian Sea
- Length: 537 km (334 mi)
- Countries: Russia, Kazakhstan
The Akhtuba River, a significant distributary of the Volga River, starts from the Volga River and flows into the Caspian Sea. The river serves as an essential water source for agriculture and fisheries in the region.
Kigach (distributary)
- Source/Origin: Volga River, Russia
- Mouth: Caspian Sea
- Length: 127 km (79 mi)
- Countries: Russia, Kazakhstan
The Kigach River is a distributary of the Volga River that flows from the Volga River into the Caspian Sea. The river flows through a series of wetlands, providing habitats for various bird species and other wildlife.
Ural River
- Source/Origin: Ural Mountains, Russia
- Mouth: Caspian Sea
- Length: 2,428 km (1,509 mi)
- Countries: Russia, Kazakhstan
The Ural River, the third-longest river in Europe, originates in the Ural Mountains in Russia and flows into the Caspian Sea. It forms part of the border between Europe and Asia and supports a diverse range of flora and fauna, including various fish species and waterfowl.
Shagan
- Source/Origin: Ural River, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Caspian Sea
- Length: 200 km (124 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Shagan River, a tributary of the Ural River, flows from the Ural River into the Caspian Sea. The river flows through a series of wetlands, providing important habitats for numerous bird species.
Utva (Shynghyrlau)
- Source/Origin: Ural River, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Caspian Sea
- Length: 130 km (81 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Utva River, a tributary of the Ural River, flows from the Ural River into the Caspian Sea. The river flows through wetlands, providing essential habitats for various bird species and other wildlife.
Ilek
- Source/Origin: Ural Mountains, Russia
- Mouth: Ural River
- Length: 600 km (373 mi)
- Countries: Russia, Kazakhstan
Originating from the Ural Mountains in Russia, the Ilek River flows for 600 km (373 mi) before joining the Ural River. It flows through both Russia and Kazakhstan, providing water for agriculture and supporting various fish species and aquatic life.
Kargaly
- Source/Origin: Ural River, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Caspian Sea
- Length: 160 km (99 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Kargaly River, a tributary of the Ural River, flows from the Ural River into the Caspian Sea. It flows through the arid landscapes of western Kazakhstan, providing essential water for local communities and supporting a variety of plant and animal species.
Or
- Source/Origin: Ural River, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Caspian Sea
- Length: 150 km (93 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Or River, another tributary of the Ural River, flows from the Ural River into the Caspian Sea. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Bolshoy Uzen (Ülken Özen)
- Source/Origin: Mugodzhar Hills, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Caspian Sea
- Length: 650 km (404 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Bolshoy Uzen River has a length of 650 km (404 mi) and originates from the Mugodzhar Hills in Kazakhstan. It flows into the Caspian Sea, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Maly Uzen (Kishi Özen)
- Source/Origin: Mugodzhar Hills, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Caspian Sea
- Length: 420 km (261 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Maly Uzen River, also known as Kishi Özen, is a tributary of the Bolshoy Uzen River. It flows through the steppe and semi-desert landscapes of Kazakhstan, providing water for irrigation and habitats for various wildlife species.
Emba
- Source/Origin: Mugodzhar Hills, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Caspian Sea
- Length: 712 km (443 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
Originating from the Mugodzhar Hills in Kazakhstan, the Emba River flows for 712 km (443 mi) before emptying into the Caspian Sea. The river is important for the region’s agriculture and supports a diverse range of fish species and other aquatic life.
Aschiagar River
- Source/Origin: Mugodzhar Hills, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Caspian Sea
- Length: 200 km (124 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Aschiagar River, with a length of 200 km (124 mi), flows through the arid landscapes of western Kazakhstan. The river is an important source of water for local communities and supports a variety of plant and animal species.
Saghyz
- Source/Origin: Ural River, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Caspian Sea
- Length: 150 km (93 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Saghyz River is a tributary of the Aschiagar River and has a length of 150 km (93 mi). The river flows through the arid landscapes of western Kazakhstan and provides essential water for local communities and wildlife.
Uil
- Source/Origin: Ural River, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Caspian Sea
- Length: 220 km (137 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Uil River, with a length of 220 km (137 mi), flows through the arid landscapes of western Kazakhstan. The river provides essential water for local communities and supports a variety of plant and animal species.
Aral Sea
Syr Darya
- Source/Origin: Tian Shan Mountains, Kyrgyzstan
- Mouth: Aral Sea
- Length: 2,212 km (1,374 mi)
- Countries: Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan
The Syr Darya River, with a length of 2,212 km (1,374 mi), originates in the Tian Shan Mountains in Kyrgyzstan and flows into the Aral Sea. It is one of the two major rivers feeding the Aral Sea, providing water for irrigation and supporting a diverse range of flora and fauna.
Sarysu
- Source/Origin: Karatau Mountains, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Aral Sea
- Length: 1,005 km (625 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Sarysu River, with a length of 1,005 km (625 mi), flows from the Karatau Mountains in Kazakhstan into the Aral Sea. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Chu (Shu)
- Source/Origin: Tian Shan Mountains, Kyrgyzstan
- Mouth: Lake Balkhash
- Length: 1,067 km (663 mi)
- Countries: Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan
The Chu River has a length of 1,067 km (663 mi) and originates in the Tian Shan Mountains in Kyrgyzstan. It flows into Lake Balkhash in Kazakhstan, providing essential water for local communities and supporting a variety of plant and animal species.
Talas
- Source/Origin: Talas Alatau, Kyrgyzstan
- Mouth: Lake Aydynlykol
- Length: 660 km (410 mi)
- Countries: Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan
The Talas River, with a length of 660 km (410 mi), flows from the Talas Alatau mountain range in Kyrgyzstan into Lake Aydynlykol in Kazakhstan. The river is an important water source for agriculture and supports a diverse range of flora and fauna.
Asa
- Source/Origin: Kyrgyzstan
- Mouth: Talas River
- Length: 160 km (99 mi)
- Countries: Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan
The Asa River, a tributary of the Talas River, has a length of 160 km (99 mi) and flows through the mountainous landscapes of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. The river provides essential water for local communities and supports a variety of plant and animal species.
Ak-Suu
- Source/Origin: Kyrgyzstan
- Mouth: Talas River
- Length: 120 km (75 mi)
- Countries: Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan
The Ak-Suu River, another tributary of the Talas River, flows through the mountainous landscapes of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. With a length of 120 km (75 mi), the river provides essential water for local communities and supports a variety of plant and animal species.
Kichi-Kemin
- Source/Origin: Kyrgyzstan
- Mouth: Chu River
- Length: 120 km (75 mi)
- Countries: Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan
The Kichi-Kemin River, a tributary of the Chu River, has a length of 120 km (75 mi) and flows through the mountainous landscapes of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. The river provides essential water for local communities and supports a variety of plant and animal species.
Bögen
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Chu River
- Length: 320 km (199 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Bögen River has a length of 320 km (199 mi) and flows through the arid landscapes of Kazakhstan, eventually joining the Chu River. The river is an important source of water for local communities, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting a diverse range of flora and fauna.
Arys
- Source/Origin: Karatau Mountains, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Syr Darya River
- Length: 378 km (235 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Arys River has a length of 378 km (235 mi) and flows from the Karatau Mountains in Kazakhstan to the Syr Darya River. It is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Badam
- Source/Origin: Karatau Mountains, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Syr Darya River
- Length: 210 km (130 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Badam River, with a length of 210 km (130 mi), flows from the Karatau Mountains in Kazakhstan to the Syr Darya River. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Sayramsu
- Source/Origin: Ugam Range, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Talas River
- Length: 124 km (77 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Sayramsu River, with a length of 124 km (77 mi), flows from the Ugam Range in Kazakhstan to the Talas River. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Mashat
- Source/Origin: Karatau Mountains, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Syr Darya River
- Length: 150 km (93 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Mashat River, with a length of 150 km (93 mi), flows from the Karatau Mountains in Kazakhstan to the Syr Darya River. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Boralday
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Lake Balkhash
- Length: 290 km (180 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Boralday River, with a length of 290 km (180 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and empties into Lake Balkhash. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Keles
- Source/Origin: Kyrgyzstan
- Mouth: Chu River
- Length: 186 km (116 mi)
- Countries: Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan
The Keles River, with a length of 186 km (116 mi), flows from Kyrgyzstan into the Chu River in Kazakhstan. The river provides essential water for local communities and supports a variety of plant and animal species.
Akkol
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Nura River
- Length: 200 km (124 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Akkol River, with a length of 200 km (124 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Nura River. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Uly-Zhylanshyk
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Lake Tengiz
- Length: 240 km (149 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Uly-Zhylanshyk River, with a length of 240 km (149 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and empties into Lake Tengiz. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Shalkarteniz
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Lake Tengiz
- Length: 140 km (87 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Shalkarteniz River, with a length of 140 km (87 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and empties into Lake Tengiz. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Turgay
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Turgay Plateau
- Length: 825 km (513 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Turgay River, with a length of 825 km (513 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and empties into the Turgay Plateau. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Irgiz
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Turgay River
- Length: 593 km (368 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Irgiz River, with a length of 593 km (368 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Turgay River. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Ulkayak
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Turgay River
- Length: 180 km (112 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Ulkayak River, with a length of 180 km (112 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Turgay River. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Tegene
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Irgiz River
- Length: 295 km (183 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Tegene River, with a length of 295 km (183 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Irgiz River. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Zhyngyldyozek
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Irgiz River
- Length: 100 km (62 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Zhyngyldyozek River, with a length of 100 km (62 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Irgiz River. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Kalmakkyrgan
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Irgiz River
- Length: 160 km (99 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Kalmakkyrgan River, with a length of 160 km (99 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Irgiz River. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Baikonyr
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Irgiz River
- Length: 130 km (81 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Baikonyr River, with a length of 130 km (81 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Irgiz River. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Zhymyky
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Irgiz River
- Length: 110 km (68 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Zhymyky River, with a length of 110 km (68 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Irgiz River. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Lake Tengiz
- Source/Origin: Nura River
- Mouth: Endorheic basin
- Length: N/A
- Countries: Kazakhstan
Lake Tengiz, located in Kazakhstan, is fed by the Nura River. As an endorheic basin, it does not have a natural outlet, causing water levels to fluctuate based on precipitation and evaporation. The lake is a crucial habitat for various migratory bird species, particularly during the breeding season.
Nura
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Lake Tengiz
- Length: 978 km (608 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Nura River, with a length of 978 km (608 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and empties into Lake Tengiz. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Sherubainura
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Nura River
- Length: 160 km (99 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Sherubainura River, with a length of 160 km (99 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Nura River. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Balkhash-Alakol Basin
- Source/Origin: Ili River
- Mouth: Lake Balkhash and Lake Alakol
- Length: N/A
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Balkhash-Alakol Basin is a hydrological system in Kazakhstan that includes Lake Balkhash and Lake Alakol, fed primarily by the Ili River. The basin plays a crucial role in the region, providing water resources for agriculture, wildlife habitats, and supporting local ecosystems.
Ili
- Source/Origin: Tian Shan Mountains, China
- Mouth: Lake Balkhash
- Length: 1,439 km (894 mi)
- Countries: China, Kazakhstan
The Ili River, with a length of 1,439 km (894 mi), flows from the Tian Shan Mountains in China and empties into Lake Balkhash in Kazakhstan. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Charyn
- Source/Origin: Tian Shan Mountains, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Ili River
- Length: 427 km (265 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Charyn River, with a length of 427 km (265 mi), flows from the Tian Shan Mountains in Kazakhstan and joins the Ili River. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Chilik
- Source/Origin: Tian Shan Mountains, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Ili River
- Length: 255 km (158 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Chilik River, with a length of 255 km (158 mi), flows from the Tian Shan Mountains in Kazakhstan and joins the Ili River. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Esentai
- Source/Origin: Tian Shan Mountains, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Ili River
- Length: 120 km (75 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Esentai River, with a length of 120 km (75 mi), flows from the Tian Shan Mountains in Kazakhstan and joins the Ili River. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Karatal
- Source/Origin: Dzungarian Alatau Mountains, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Lake Balkhash
- Length: 460 km (286 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Karatal River, with a length of 460 km (286 mi), flows from the Dzungarian Alatau Mountains in Kazakhstan and empties into Lake Balkhash. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Koksu
- Source/Origin: Dzungarian Alatau Mountains, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Lake Balkhash
- Length: 500 km (311 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Koksu River, with a length of 500 km (311 mi), flows from the Dzungarian Alatau Mountains in Kazakhstan and empties into Lake Balkhash. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Büyen
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Ili River
- Length: 300 km (186 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Büyen River, with a length of 300 km (186 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Ili River. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Qapal
- Source/Origin: Tian Shan Mountains, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Ili River
- Length: 310 km (193 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Qapal River, with a length of 310 km (193 mi), flows from the Tian Shan Mountains in Kazakhstan and joins the Ili River. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Lepsy
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Lake Balkhash
- Length: 417 km (259 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Lepsy River, with a length of 417 km (259 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and empties into Lake Balkhash. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Aksu (Lake Balkhash)
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Lake Balkhash
- Length: 316 km (196 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Aksu River, with a length of 316 km (196 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and empties into Lake Balkhash. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Ayagöz
- Source/Origin: Tarbagatai Mountains, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Lake Balkhash
- Length: 482 km (300 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Ayagöz River, with a length of 482 km (300 mi), flows from the Tarbagatai Mountains in Kazakhstan and empties into Lake Balkhash. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Issyk
- Source/Origin: Trans-Ili Alatau Mountains, Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Esentai River
- Length: 50 km (31 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Issyk River, with a length of 50 km (31 mi), flows from the Trans-Ili Alatau Mountains in Kazakhstan and joins the Esentai River. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Tokrau
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Lake Balkhash
- Length: 230 km (143 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Tokrau River, with a length of 230 km (143 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and empties into Lake Balkhash. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Bakanas
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Lake Balkhash
- Length: 142 km (88 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Bakanas River, with a length of 142 km (88 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and empties into Lake Balkhash. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Major Rivers Of Kazakhstan
Turgai
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Lake Tengiz
- Length: 820 km (510 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Turgai River, with a length of 820 km (510 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and empties into Lake Tengiz. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Irtysh (Ertis)
- Source/Origin: Altai Mountains, China
- Mouth: Ob River
- Length: 4,248 km (2,640 mi)
- Countries: China, Kazakhstan, Russia
The Irtysh River, with a length of 4,248 km (2,640 mi), flows from the Altai Mountains in China, through Kazakhstan, and joins the Ob River in Russia. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Tobol
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Irtysh River
- Length: 1,591 km (989 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan, Russia
The Tobol River, with a length of 1,591 km (989 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Irtysh River in Russia. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Ubagan
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Tobol River
- Length: 200 km (124 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Ubagan River, with a length of 200 km (124 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Tobol River. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Ayat
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Tobol River
- Length: 241 km (150 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Ayat River, with a length of 241 km (150 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Tobol River. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Uy
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Tobol River
- Length: 387 km (240 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Uy River, with a length of 387 km (240 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Tobol River. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Syntasty
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Tobol River
- Length: 140 km (87 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Syntasty River, with a length of 140 km (87 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Tobol River. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Ishim
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Irtysh River
- Length: 2,450 km (1,522 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan, Russia
The Ishim River, with a length of 2,450 km (1,522 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Irtysh River in Russia. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Imanburlyq
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Ishim River
- Length: 122 km (76 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Imanburlyq River, with a length of 122 km (76 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Ishim River. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Aqqanburlyq
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Ishim River
- Length: 135 km (84 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Aqqanburlyq River, with a length of 135 km (84 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Ishim River. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Terisaqqan
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Ishim River
- Length: 80 km (50 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Terisaqqan River, with a length of 80 km (50 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Ishim River. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Qalqutan
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Ishim River
- Length: 105 km (65 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Qalqutan River, with a length of 105 km (65 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Ishim River. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Shagan
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Ural River
- Length: 295 km (183 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Shagan River, with a length of 295 km (183 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Ural River. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Ashchysu
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Ishim River
- Length: 140 km (87 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Ashchysu River, with a length of 140 km (87 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Ishim River. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Uba
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Ishim River
- Length: 175 km (109 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Uba River, with a length of 175 km (109 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Ishim River. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Ulba
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Irtysh River
- Length: 260 km (162 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Ulba River, with a length of 260 km (162 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Irtysh River. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Bukhtarma
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Irtysh River
- Length: 336 km (209 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Bukhtarma River, with a length of 336 km (209 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Irtysh River. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Lukina
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Bukhtarma River
- Length: 129 km (80 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Lukina River, with a length of 129 km (80 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Bukhtarma River. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Naryn
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Bukhtarma River
- Length: 170 km (106 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Naryn River, with a length of 170 km (106 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Bukhtarma River. The river is an important water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Kürshim
- Source/Origin: Kazakhstan
- Mouth: Irtysh River
- Length: 180 km (112 mi)
- Countries: Kazakhstan
The Kürshim River, with a length of 180 km (112 mi), flows through the landscapes of Kazakhstan and joins the Irtysh River. The river is an essential water source for the region, providing irrigation for agricultural lands and supporting local ecosystems.
Ural
- Source/Origin: Ural Mountains, Russia
- Mouth: Caspian Sea
- Length: 2,428 km (1,509 mi)
- Countries: Russia, Kazakhstan
The Ural River, originating in the Ural Mountains in Russia, stretches 2,428 km (1,509 mi) before reaching its mouth at the Caspian Sea. Flowing through Russia and Kazakhstan, the river plays a crucial role in providing water for agriculture, industry, and human consumption. The Ural River is also an essential habitat for various fish species, including the endangered sturgeon, and supports diverse ecosystems along its banks.
In conclusion, Kazakhstan is home to an extensive network of rivers that provide valuable resources to its people and sustain its ecosystems. These rivers, flowing through diverse landscapes, contribute to the country’s unique beauty and natural wealth. Understanding and preserving these waterways is essential for the continued prosperity and ecological health of Kazakhstan.
Rivers of Kazakhstan by Region
In this section, we will explore some of the rivers in Kazakhstan by region. This can provide a better understanding of the geographical distribution of these rivers across the country.
Northern Kazakhstan
- Ishim River
- Tobol River
- Irtysh (Ertis) River
Western Kazakhstan
- Ural River
- Emba River
- Bolshoy Uzen (Ülken Özen) River
- Maly Uzen (Kishi Özen) River
Southern Kazakhstan
- Syr Darya River
- Chu (Shu) River
- Talas River
- Arys River
Eastern Kazakhstan
- Ili River
- Charyn River
- Lepsy River
Central Kazakhstan
- Nura River
- Sarysu River
- Turgay River
Tributaries and Their Importance
Many of the rivers in Kazakhstan have tributaries that play a vital role in the overall water system of the country. These tributaries contribute to the rivers’ flow, supply water for irrigation, and support various ecosystems. Some of the significant tributaries of major rivers in Kazakhstan are:
- Irtysh River: Tobol, Ubagan, Ayat, Uy, Syntasty, Ishim, and others.
- Ural River: Shagan, Utva (Shynghyrlau), Ilek, Kargaly, and Or.
- Syr Darya River: Sarysu, Chu (Shu), Talas, Asa, Ak-Suu, Kichi-Kemin, Bögen, Arys, Badam, Sayramsu, Mashat, Boralday, and Keles.
River Basins in Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan has several river basins that are crucial for the country’s water resources management, agriculture, and biodiversity. Some of the main river basins in Kazakhstan are:
- Caspian Depression
- Aral Sea Basin
- Balkhash-Alakol Basin
Environmental Challenges and River Management
Kazakhstan faces several environmental challenges related to its rivers, such as water pollution, water scarcity, and habitat loss. Industrial activities, agricultural runoff, and urbanization contribute to the degradation of water quality in many rivers. Additionally, the over-extraction of water for agriculture and other purposes has led to reduced river flows, impacting ecosystems and water availability.
To address these challenges, the Kazakh government and various stakeholders are working together to implement effective river management strategies. These include promoting sustainable water use practices, investing in water infrastructure, and implementing policies to protect and restore river ecosystems.
In conclusion, the rivers of Kazakhstan play a vital role in the country’s ecology, economy, and culture. By understanding the various rivers and their distribution across the country, we can better appreciate the importance of these waterways in Kazakhstan and the challenges they face.
FAQs
What are the main rivers in Kazakhstan?
The main rivers in Kazakhstan include the Irtysh, Ishim, Ural, Syr Darya, and Chu. These rivers are essential for agriculture, transportation, and the overall economy of the country.
How many rivers are there in Kazakhstan?
There are over 85,000 rivers in Kazakhstan. However, only a few of them are large and significant for the country’s water resources and economic activities.
Which is the longest river in Kazakhstan?
The longest river in Kazakhstan is the Irtysh River, with a length of 4,248 kilometers. It flows through China, Kazakhstan, and Russia, ultimately joining the Ob River in Siberia.
What are the major rivers and lakes in Kazakhstan?
Major rivers in Kazakhstan include the Irtysh, Ishim, Ural, Syr Darya, and Chu. Prominent lakes include Lake Balkhash, Lake Zaysan, and Lake Alakol. These water bodies play a vital role in the ecology and economy of the country.
